Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Hydrochlorothiazide, commonly abbreviated as HCTZ, is a prescription diuretic used to manage high blood pressure and fluid retention. By helping the body remove excess salt and water through urine, it can support blood pressure control and reduce swelling associated with certain conditions.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic supplied primarily as an oral tablet. Common tablet strengths include 12.5 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg, depending on the manufacturer and market. It is also included in some combination prescription products containing other blood-pressure medicines.

HCTZ is prescribed for hypertension and edema associated with conditions such as heart failure, certain kidney disorders, and liver disease. The choice of medication and dose depends on the underlying condition, kidney function, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels.

How Does It Work?

Hydrochlorothiazide acts on the kidneys by reducing sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. More sodium and water are consequently excreted in urine. This reduces fluid volume and helps lower blood pressure; continued use can also contribute to lower vascular resistance.